Acute Liver Failure and Thyrotoxicosis Managed with Liver Transplant and Thyroidectomy by Gerardo Tamayo Enriquez in Surgery & Case Studies: Open Access Journal in Lupinepublishers
Acute liver failure and hyperthyroidism are not typically common, although some cases have been reported. The mechanisms involved and optimal management are not well-defined. This article presents the case of a 32-year-old African American female referred for evaluation of abdominal pain and jaundice, with a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus and Grave’s disease. She had thyrotoxicosis after administration of contrast and developed acute liver failure culminating in liver transplant and subsequent total thyroidectomy with a favorable outcome. The association between liver function abnormalities and thyroid dysfunction is well established dating back to at least 1874 when Habershon presented a case of exophthalmic goiter and jaundice to the London Medical Society [1]. The range of liver dysfunction can go from mild elevation of hepatic enzymes to acute liver failure, which is defined as the presence of hepatic encephalopathy within 8 weeks of initial symptoms in a patient without underlying liver disease. Multiple scales have been devised to predict mortality and determine which patients would benefit from orthotopic liver transplant (OLT), with the presence of hepatic encephalopathy as a key indicator [2]. Here we present a case of a 32-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and exacerbation of Grave’s disease after iodinated contrast that presented with acute liver failure and thyrotoxicosis requiring OLT and total thyroidectomy (TT) after medical management of both conditions. A 32-year-old African American female was referred to the emergency room for evaluation of a 3-week history of worsening abdominal pain and jaundice. She also reported loss of appetite and occasional epigastric discomfort. Her past medical history included SLE and Grave’s disease [3]. Both conditions were well controlled, and her medications included multivitamins, hydroxychloroquine and ferrous sulfate. Three weeks prior to admission she underwent a CT scan with iodinated contrast for abdominal pain at an outside hospital. At that time, she received prednisone (60mg PO qd) and diphenhydramine for a presumed diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis with positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at 1:320. Ferritin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, acetaminophen and viral serologies were all negative prior to admission. Her initial vital signs showed BP 110/70 mmHg, HR 134 bpm, RR 20 bpm, T 37°C and SpO2 100%. Physical examination was significant for generalized jaundice and moderate abdominal pain on palpation.
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